The word nincs is an interesting word in Hungarian.
"van" is a third person singular verb, meaning "is"."nincs" is also a third person singular verb, which is the negated form of van.
As we know, "van" is sometimes omitted (see the previous post: https://magyarbagoly.blogspot.com/2022/01/when-to-use-vanvannak.html )
Note that van has a double role: it can mean there is, or is.
- Az autó itt van. ‘The car is here.’
- Van itt madár. ‘There are birds here.’
When we negate van, it turns into nincs
- Van itt madár. ‘There are birds here.’
- Nincs itt madár. ‘There are no birds here.’
Therefore nincs also has a double role: it can mean there is no, or is not
How do you decide which?
Does the noun have a definite or an indefinite article? (if there is No article, it's indefinite.)
Van itt egy (indefinite) hajó. = There is a ship here.
A (definite) hajó itt van = The ship is here.
Similarly for nincs:
Nincs itt (no article) hajó. = There is no ship here.
A (definite) hajó nincs itt. =The ship is not here.
nincs
In Hungarian, nem van (side-by-side) can only be said or written nincs. Compare:
person | localising | feeling bad |
---|---|---|
én | Nem vagyok otthon. | Nem vagyok jól. |
te | Nem vagy otthon? | Nem vagy jól? |
Ön/Maga | Nincs otthon? | Nincs jól? |
ő | Nincs otthon. | Nincs jól. |
Question: So we never write "nem van" in a sentence?
Answer: You never write them right next to each other. "Az autó nem van itt" is WRONG. Use "Az autó nincs itt" instead. (The car is not here)
However, if nem + van are not right next to each other, it is fine to include both in the sentence. "Az autó nem itt van." is correct, meaning: The car is not here (but somewhere else).
Vannak, nincsenek
person | localising | feeling bad |
---|---|---|
mi | Nem vagyunk otthon. | Nem vagyunk jól. |
ti | Nem vagytok otthon? | Nem vagytok jól? |
Önök/Maguk | Nincsenek otthon? | Nincsenek jól? |
ők | Nincsenek otthon. | Nincsenek jól. |
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