Tuesday, January 25, 2022

Van and Nincs

The word nincs is an interesting word in Hungarian. 

"van" is a third person singular verb, meaning "is".
"nincs" is also a third person singular verb, which is the negated form of van. 
This does not happen to any other verb to have a special, extra form, only with the verb "to be". (For example, the negated form of "alszik" is simply "nem alszik") 

As we know, "van" is sometimes omitted (see the previous post: https://magyarbagoly.blogspot.com/2022/01/when-to-use-vanvannak.html )


Note that van has a double role: it can mean there is, or is.

  • Az autó itt van. ‘The car is here.’
  • Van itt madár. ‘There are birds here.’

 When we negate van, it turns into nincs

  • Van itt madár. ‘There are birds here.’
  • Nincs itt madár. ‘There are no birds here.’

Therefore nincs also has a double role: it can mean there is no, or is not

How do you decide which?
Does the noun have a definite or an indefinite article? (if there is No article, it's indefinite.)

Van itt egy (indefinite) hajó. = There is a ship here.

A (definite) hajó itt van = The ship is here.

Similarly for nincs:

Nincs itt (no article) hajó. = There is no ship here.

A (definite) hajó nincs itt. =The ship is not here.


nincs

In Hungarian, nem van (side-by-side) can only be said or written nincs. Compare:

personlocalisingfeeling bad
énNem vagyok otthon.Nem vagyok jól.
teNem vagy otthon?Nem vagy jól?
Ön/MagaNincs otthon?Nincs jól?
őNincs otthon.Nincs jól.



Question: So we never write "nem van" in a sentence?

Answer: You never write them right next to each other. "Az autó nem van itt" is WRONG. Use "Az autó nincs itt" instead. (The car is not here)

However, if nem + van are not right next to each other, it is fine to include both in the sentence. "Az autó nem itt van." is correct, meaning: The car is not here (but somewhere else).

Vannak, nincsenek

The plural forms of van and nincs are vannak and nincsenek, respectively

personlocalisingfeeling bad
miNem vagyunk otthon.Nem vagyunk jól.
tiNem vagytok otthon?Nem vagytok jól?
Önök/MagukNincsenek otthon?Nincsenek jól?
őkNincsenek otthon.Nincsenek jól.

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